Over the years, we have reported on the self-driving Google vehicles and the telematics associated with removing a human driver from the highway experience.  Now, several vehicle manufacturers are bringing hands-free driving options on-line in the upcoming months.

Tessla, Audi and Cadillac are all rolling-out serious hands-free options within the next model year. Mercedes-Benz and Infiniti have had limited versions of hands-free driving for the past few years.

As these options expand, the question becomes: is operating a vehicle "hands-free" legal?  So far, the answer is "yes".

Only New York has a state law, dating back to 1967, that requires that drivers keep one-hand on the wheel. Most other states have no regulation whatsoever regarding the specifics of the steering wheel.

The manufacturers are careful to market the hands-free options merely as temporary relief from the tedious components of our daily drive and not as a way for drivers to completely unplug from the road. This blogger, however, immediately sees the potential to switch on the hands-free option in order to, say, text or email the drive away and get things done.

If this happens, the law will move in; especially as soon as folks start getting seriously injured or killed.  For now, however, the manufacturers are easing these hands-free options into a regulatory void.

Industry professionals consider hands-free driving just the next step in the design evolution of the automobile. Like past innovations such as cruise control and anti-lock brakes, there are no specific government regulations affecting the technology.

But there is a personal injury bar. Once folks start clicking on the hands-free option, tuning out from the road, and picking-up their cell phones, things are bound to go South.  And when they do, the personal injury lawyers will be there to pick-up the pieces.

While the federal government regulates the design and crash-worthiness of vehicles, the states regulate the drivers. Here in Michigan, the home of the automobile, there are specific state laws allowing autonomous technology under certain limited circumstances.

In addition to negligent design product liability lawsuits, there is also local law enforcement standing by to temper the hands-free driving experience.  The road patrol officer will decide, on a case-by-case basis, whether the driver in a crash was at fault [careless or reckless] due to hands-free operation of the vehicle.

Once these vehicles begin rolling out, and crashes start happening, we will know more about the utility and cost-effectiveness of this next step in the evolution of the automobile.

www.clarkstonlegal.com
info@clarkstonlegal.com

According to Bryant Walker Smith, a fellow at Stanford's Center for the Internet and Society, automated vehicles have been "just 20-years away" since the 1930s.  Lately, however, data giant, Google, and some of the OEMs have started taking the concept seriously.

So serious, in fact, that automated vehicles are now out there folks. 

This has led Mr. Smith to publish a comprehensive study on the legalities of automated vehicles.  Smith concludes that, although automated vehicles are "probably" legal from the national regulatory prespective of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, state laws will "complicate" the transition to automated vehicles.

Why automated vehicles anyway?  Many motorists enjoy, at least to some extent, the driving process.  Smith's answers are: safety and saved lives.  If done correctly, there are also long-term cost savings embedded into the notion of automated vehicles; savings of fuel and time.

Smith's comprehensive study takes a detailed look at the three states [California, of course, Florida, and Nevada] that already have included "automated vehicle" provisions in their motor vehicle codes.  The study even includes a comprehensive model bill for progressive state legislators to consider.  Apparently, New Jersey, Arizona, Hawaii (?), Oklahoma, and the District of Colombia all have bills under active consideration.

One legal issue that comes to our simple mind over here at the Law Blogger is the actus reus [i.e. intentional bad act] requirement that a criminal law must contain to pass constitutional muster.  While we do understand the philosophy behind the "implied consent" concept underpinning many provisions of a motor vehicle code, we are compelled to ask, can a human be cited for acts undertaken by a machine?

This could be a small town lawyer's dream.  Imagine the cornucopia of defenses available for any potential automated motor vehicle code.  And if the legislatures go the "strict liability" route, the deep thinking consitutional lawyers will be well-fed.

Also, we cannot forget the product liability inquiry of who is responsible when [not if] something goes wrong, and someone is injured or killed.  Automated vehicles, if they proliferate, will produce a brand new branch of products liability tort law.

It will be interesting to see how far these fancy cars get along the respective legislative highways of the fifty states.  One thing is for sure: the process has begun.

www.waterfordlegal.com
info@waterfordlegal.com